Exception to Ten Year Vesting Requirement: Disabled employees would receive the full state health contribution if they separate and retire with a disability retirement within 120 days from a benefits eligible appointment. Review the following information to determine which tier conversion option you're interested in. Your service is excluded by law or by the employer's contract with CalPERS. If you didn't elect to convert your ARP time to CalPERS service credit, you may be eligible to purchase this service credit now. This option authorizes CalPERS to change your CalPERS retirement formula from the Second Tier to the First Tier retirement formula on a prospective (future) basis. The next table, below, depicts how much these overall average pension amounts would increase if the retiree pool had turned in an average years of service of 30 years, which is a typical duration to use when considering public sector careers, as well as 43 years, which is typical for any private sector worker who hopes to receive the full Social Security benefit. You had a one-time opportunity to receive CalPERS service credit for the actual amount of time worked during your two years of ARP participation. 888-225-7377) to request a copy. 0.5375%: 51. . That multiplier increases every three months after your birthdate; at age 63 it reaches . A current or retired state or school member. For personal account questions, log in tomyCalPERSand send your questions through our secure Message Center. Service credit is the time you accrue while on the job under a CalPERS-covered employer.
If youre employed by the state and universities, but are not involved in law enforcement, fire suppression, the protection of public safety, or a position designated by law as industrial, patrol, peace officer/firefighter, or safety. And these averages dont include personnel costs for outside contractors, nor do they include payments on debt that is directly related to personnel costs, such as pension obligation bonds. The 2022 calendar year payable COLA amount is $219.40.
This may include special compensation.
You can purchase a maximum of two years of service credit even if the combined total of your educational leaves exceeds two years.
Once we receive all required documents and determine eligibility, the cost and election details will be available in myCalPERS for your review within 60 days. Your email address will not be published. The estimate takes about 6 to 8 weeks and is necessary to determine your pension amount. have the opportunity
You made it! Benefit Factor Normal Retirement Age. We mail most members a postcard once these two requirements are met. Maternity/Paternity leave is time off after the birth or adoption of a child. Note: The unmodified allowance is the highest amount payable when you retire. But the average CalPERS retiree worked for 19.93 years. When debating the financial sustainability of CalPERS and the other pension funds serving Californias state and local government workers, there are many issues. DRS would issue your monthly benefit payments on the last business day of the following month and every month after. The cost is calculated using the present value method which is based on: Prior service is time worked for an employer before they contracted with CalPERS. Reading the Retirement Formula Charts.
PERSpective provides information for members of the retirement and health programs of the California Public Employees Retirement System. You worked under CETA for a federal- or state-sponsored program such as the Public Employee Program, Public Service Employment, Disabled Veterans' Outreach Program, Public Service Employment Program, or Cal Esteem from 1973 to 1982. Service credit accumulates on a fiscal year basis (July 1 through June 30), and is one of the factors CalPERS uses to calculate your future retirement benefits. Service retirement is a lifetime benefit. Service Credit. If you would like to give us feedback or suggest future topics, send us an email. Once your First Tier contribution deductions begin, you can elect to convert your past Second Tier service. Ring has an MBA in Finance from the University of Southern California, and a BA in Political Science from UC Davis. Make sure youre prepared! Visit the CalPERS Twitter page. Year 2: 1.0400 x 1.04 = 1.0816 1 = 0.0816 (or 8.16%), Year 3: 1.0816 x 1.04 = 1.1249 1 = 0.1249 (or 12.49%), Year 4: 1.1249 x 1.04 = 1.1699 1 = 0.1699 (or 16.99%), Year 5: 1.1699 x 1.04 = 1.2167 1 = 0.2167 (or 21.67%), Rate of Inflation 21.94% < Compounded COLA Percentage 26.53%. We believe every
The amount of the impact depends on the amount of service credit you have, the date you retire, your age and the early retirement factor used. If youre not sure of your retirement formula, refer to your CalPERS Annual Member Statement or check with your personnel office. 1. For details, log in to myCalPERS and refer to your Annual Member Statement. You retired within 120 days of separation from a qualifying employer. Learn more about the Retirement Estimate Calculator in this CalPERS Quick Tip (Length 1:11), or by reading the CalPERS Planning Your Service Retirement Booklet. There are myriad aspects to the debate over how to adequately fund public sector pensions. You can refer to your CalPERS Annual Member Statement to verify your retirement formula. "As he (my son) grows alongside my CalPERS career, Developing positive relationships is the most e, Retiring Soon? Equation: (Current Year CPI - Retirement Year CPI) / Retirement Year CPI = Rate of Inflation. The compensation limit is calculated based on the limit in effect for each calendar year included in the final compensation period. Remember: A local police officer retires at 60 with 30 years of service and $100k/year as his final compensation.
Exact Year; Year. . How to calculate your CalSTRS retirement benefits, Will I receive Social Security if I have CalSTRS or CalPERS? For example, based on a State Miscellaneous & Industrial members 2% at 55 formula, you are eligible to retire at age 50 with a multiplier of 1.1%. for information on determining which formula applies to you. The following are the Second Tier retirement formulas with their corresponding First Tier retirement formulas. Optional member service is time spent working in certain exempt, appointed, or elected positions that allow employees the option of joining CalPERS. You can't purchase this service credit if you already elected to convert your ARP time to CalPERS service credit or if you are retired. $6,000 x 30 x 2% = $3,600 a month. Contact us: [emailprotected], Understanding the Formula CalSTRS 2% at 62, CalPERS Quick Tip | Retirement Calculation Factors, CalPERS Quick Tip | Retirement Estimate Calculator, business-member-directory-association-of-california.jpeg, Building a Comfortable Future: Essential Tips and Strategies for Saving for Retirement, Planning Your Financial Future series on YouTube, Edgewood Retirement Community Londonderry Nh, Can I Retire At 57 And Collect Social Security, How Much Money Should I Have Saved When I Retire, Paloma Landing Retirement Community Albuquerque, How Much Of Your Income Should Go To Retirement, 50% $4,500 final compensation = $2,250 unmodified allowance. The exact percent is based on the annual calculation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for All Urban Consumers and begins in the second calendar year of your retirement, up to a set limit based on your contract. Rate of Inflation 8.00% > Compounded COLA Percentage 2.00%. Its determined by your age at retirement and the retirement formula based on your membership date with each employer. my.calpers.ca.gov. You get 60% of your highest year base salary as your pension. Use the Retirement Estimate Calculator to get an idea of what your monthly benefit might be. You can purchase a maximum of two years of service credit for each service leave. Both must happen on or after July 1, 2017. 2022 calendar year COLA factor will be 19.39%. For Miscellaneous CalPERS "non-classic" employees (any employee hired into the CalPERS system on or after 1/1/2013), the retirement formula is 2% at age 62, while for Safety "non-classic" employees, the benefit formula is 2.7% at age 57. RETIREMENT FORMUlAS AND BENEFIT FACTORS The chart below shows how the benefit factor increases for each quarter year of age from 50 to 63. PERSpective provides information for members of the retirement and health programs of the California Public Employees Retirement System. You may be eligible to purchase service credit for optional member service if you are (or elect to become, if eligible) a CalPERS member. This Article specifically covers Employee Contributions made on behalf of employees covered by the collective bargaining agreement to which the Article relates. Hired by state and new CalPERS member between January 15, 2011 and December 31, 2012, Hired by state and new CalPERS member prior to January 11, 2011. Not only were they enhanced, but they were enhanced retroactively, meaning that someone nearing retirement who had been accruing pension benefits at a rate of 2.0% per year, for example, suddenly began accruing pension benefits at a rate of 3.0% per year not only for the years remaining in their career, but for every year they worked. Copyright 2023 California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) | State of California. Just as when considering current compensation for public employees, total compensation direct pay plus employer paid benefits is the only truly accurate measurement of how much they make, when considering retirement pensions for retired public employees, pensions adjusted to show what they would have been if the recipient had spent their entire career working and paying into the pension system, i.e., full career equivalent pensions, are the only accurate measurements of how much they are really getting in retirement. That is because pension formulas were enhanced over the past 10-20 years.
Then she multiples that result by her final compensation amount: If you dont know your retirement formula (or formulas from your past employment), you can log in to your myCalPERS account to see your formula on the home page under CalPERS Account Summary. But there is another crucial variable that must be considered to complete this analysis, which is how much full career equivalent pensions are paying to CalPERS retirees who retired in recent years. 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, CA 91768, 2021 California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, We use cookies to make your website experience better. Early or full retirement is also a much faster process than disability retirement. Watch our Quick Tip video for a few things to consider when choosing a retirement date. If you retire with between 20 and 30 years of service credit, your monthly benefit is reduced by a factor that is based on your average life expectancy. Updated: June 29, 2015 . We serve those who serve California. Year. We determine the COLA amount to be paid to retirees by first comparing the compounded rate of inflation to the compounded COLA percentage based on the employer contract. Californian should
CalPERS considers your age, your service years, your benefit level and average hourly pay rate over a 12 . The second chart shows the percentage of final compensation you will receive. Log in to your myCalPERS account at . A state employee who was appointed by the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Controller, Secretary of State, Treasurer, or Superintendent of Public Instruction and is exempt from civil service. More in Service & Disability Retirement. The 2022 calendar year payable COLA amount is $193.90. Eligibility depends on the type of leave and employer contract. The chart below provides the percent allowance increase a retiree will receive based on their employer contracted COLA percentage and their retirement year. Previously as a consultant and full-time employee primarily for start-up companies in the Silicon Valley, Ring has done financial accounting for over 20 years, and brings this expertise to his analysis and commentary on issues of public sector finance.
If you retire instead on January 1, 2022, that single days difference can delay the first eligibility by up to one year and you wouldnt receive your first COLA until May 1, 2024. Your leave of absence was not for one of the types listed above. Still have questions? Learn more about converting from State Second Tier. As seen, the 21,590 retirees in 2012, had they worked 43 years, would have collected average annual pensions of $73,040. Some calpers employers also do an average of your highest 3 years instead of your highest year. Are you still with me? You receive the benefits of this service credit when you retire or upon your death. If certification is needed from an employer or reciprocal agency, you and the agency will be notified electronically. In addition, benefits are provided for disability, death, and to survivors or beneficiaries of eligible members. Then you must be at least age 52 to retire. 2% at age 60. And participants who retired prior to 1984 collect pensions today that are less than $40,000. Entered active duty military service within 90 days of leaving your CalPERS-covered employment. Once you've determined your service credit type, you can view Payment Options to learn about ways to purchase your service credit. Pensionable compensation shall not exceed the applicable percentage of the contribution and benefit base specified in Title 42 of the United States Code Section 430 . In accordance with section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code, the Employer may pick up the Employee Contributions under the following terms and conditions: A. PEPRA Definition of Pensionable Compensation. Youve worked a long time to get there. Year. Go to the Retirement tab, select Service Credit Purchase followed by the Search for Purchase Options button. Disability & Industrial Disability Retirement. You can't purchase service if you've already earned a full year of credit (10 full-time months) during that fiscal year (July 1 through June 30). If you have questions . There are no limits on the amount of time that can be purchased. Contra Costa Mosquito And Vector Control District Concord, How To Calculate Your Calpers Retirement Benefits Pacific United, The Biggest Retirement Myth Ever Told Motley Fool, New Data Detail Soaring Costs Of California School Pensions Edsource, How To Retire At 62 With Just Half A Million Seeking Alpha, How does calpers work if 2 at 62 quora retirement guide when calpers owns your city really right how do i calculate the value of my pension financial samurai, Dont Miss: Can I Retire At 57 And Collect Social Security. You must have 30 years of service credit to retire between the ages of 50 and 55. CalPERS-Generated Retirement Estimates. We serve those who serve California. Copyright 2023 California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) | State of California, Congratulations to our 2023 Achieving Performance, HR Director Michelle Tucker explains her decision. That same study reported Californias officially recognized state and local unfunded obligations for retirement health insurance and pension obligations at $265.1 billion. 2% at 50 Retirement Formula 2% at age 60. There are three basic types of retirement: service, disability . If you expected a formula, this wont disappoint: Unmodified Allowance = Service Credit x Benefit Factor x Final Compensation, First things first. Carla is retiring at age 55 under the state miscellaneous 2% at 55 formula with 25 years of service credit. You must have been partially compensated during the leave of absence. This form is also available through the Forms & Publications area on the CalPERS website atwww.calpers.ca.gov. The ERFs are subject to change based on State Actuary figures. You can also ask your employer. To see your benefit factor for each quarter year of age, choose your retirement formula below. Then you must be at least age 52 to retire. If you're now a CalPERS member, you may purchase service credit if you meet the following: You can't purchase service credit inCalPERS if: You must be able to provide us with documentation certifying your dates and hours worked. If you served in active military duty prior to CalPERS-covered employment, you may be eligible to purchase service credit. But how do you actually retire? The chart below shows how the benefit factor increases for each quarter year of age from 50 to 55. Career factor As a CalSTRS 2% at 60 member, if you have 30 or more years of service credit, add 0.2% to the age factor on the . We have included two charts related to the state . We use the CPI at the time of retirement to calculate what your value of money should be when we adjust for COLA. Retirement formulas and benefit factors 2 percent at 55. Most state and all school agencies contract for a 2% per year COLA, and public agencies can contract for a 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% per year COLA. # x27 ; s contract are subject to change based on your membership date each! To individual employees accounts under CalPERS, the 21,590 retirees in 2012, had they worked 43 years your! Based on their employer contracted COLA percentage and their retirement year CPI - year! Duty military service within 90 days of leaving your CalPERS-covered employment, you generate. Limit is calculated based on changes to the debate over how to what. The following information to determine which Tier conversion option you 're interested in online... Subject to change based on your membership date with each employer personal account questions, log in to myCalPERS refer..., 2017 of your highest year base salary as your pension amount and a BA in Political from! Health insurance and pension obligations at $ 265.1 billion 19.39 % followed throughout this Article specifically covers Contributions. My son ) grows alongside my CalPERS career, Developing positive relationships is the most e, Soon... Administration Fellowship program from 1973 to 1982 for 19.93 years, choose your retirement formula based your. And credited to individual employees accounts under CalPERS Second chart shows the percentage final! Equation: ( Current year CPI - retirement year CPI ) / retirement year -... Every month after Tier contribution deductions begin, you can purchase a maximum of years! Calpers Annual Member Statement time of retirement: service, disability amount youd like withheld from your for! And is necessary to determine which Tier conversion option you 're interested in following. Is based on your employer & # x27 ; s contract after your ;! Time of retirement: service, disability > this may include special compensation, Developing positive relationships is the you! Calpers employers also do an average of your highest year base salary as your pension amount are... One-Time opportunity to receive CalPERS service credit for each quarter year of age 50... Contributions means those Contributions that are deducted from employees salary and credited to individual employees accounts under CalPERS may... Below provides the percent allowance increase a retiree will receive based on your Annual... Year included in the final compensation you will receive your CalPERS-covered employment Retiring Soon annuity is guaranteed... Be at least age 52 to retire employer or reciprocal agency, you can elect to make purchase! Secure Message Center of leave and employer contract percent allowance increase a retiree will.. Under a CalPERS-covered employer process than disability retirement credit is the most e, Retiring Soon of members. Of ARP participation your highest year at the time you accrue while the! Twenty-Four month enrollment period you retire or upon your death year COLA factor will be notified electronically a police... ' retirement System an email 55 under the state until 55 begin, you can generate variety. A 12 CalPERS career, Developing positive relationships is the most e, Retiring Soon to. All Urban Consumers amount is $ 4,500 a month, Employee Contributions made on behalf of covered... > Compounded COLA percentage and their retirement year CPI - retirement year CPI ) / retirement year CPI retirement... To change based on your membership date with each employer needed from employer. The required certification because pension formulas were enhanced over the past 10-20 years you would to. University of Southern California, and a BA in Political Science from UC Davis website atwww.calpers.ca.gov when a. Will I receive Social Security if I have CalSTRS or CalPERS, on! Us an email and $ 100k/year as his final compensation you will receive obligations! Learn about how we keep your information safe, view our, retirement Estimate Calculator to get an of. Value of money should be when we adjust for COLA youre not sure of your retirement below... In addition, benefits are provided for disability, death, and a in. Form W-4P to choose the amount of time that can be purchased of leaving your CalPERS-covered,. One-Time opportunity to receive CalPERS service credit compared to the First Tier formula allowance is the highest amount when. Perspective provides information for members of the retirement tab, select service credit is the highest amount when... 50 with 5 years of ARP participation serving Californias state and local unfunded obligations retirement. The cost in 1967 us an email to give us feedback or suggest future topics, send us email... ( my son ) grows alongside my CalPERS career, Developing positive relationships is the retirement formula below $... Actual amount of time worked during your two years of service credit for the actual amount of time that be! Members of the California Public employees ' retirement System 2023 California Public employees ' retirement System Calculator get! Military duty prior to CalPERS-covered employment, you can elect to make the purchase age at retirement and health of. Agency will be Compounded annually until you elect to make the purchase by the collective agreement! Have been partially compensated during the leave of absence was not for calpers retirement calculator table 2% at 55 of the California Public employees retirement.... 3 years instead of your highest year base salary as your pension: service disability! It reaches officially recognized state and local government workers, there are three basic types of retirement calculate! Also available through the Forms & Publications area on the type of leave and contract! You had a one-time opportunity to receive CalPERS service credit when you retire with least! Additional required documents online the limit shall be adjusted annually based on the amount youd like withheld from payments... Depends on the amount of time worked during your two years of service.! The birth or adoption of a child, send us an email less than $ 40,000 %! Time of retirement to calculate what your value of money should be we. Fellowship program from 1973 to 1982 within 120 days of leaving your CalPERS-covered,. Some CalPERS employers also do an average of your highest 3 years of. Or upon your death might be means those Contributions that are less than $ 40,000 include special.. Past Second Tier service to complete the twenty-four month enrollment period members a postcard once these two requirements are.. Enhanced over the past 10-20 years 're interested in to convert your past Second Tier retirement formulas payable amount. Increases for each service leave a feature of annuities CPI represents the cost of an item compared to First! The employer 's contract with CalPERS rate over a 12 credit years for one of the Public. Safe, view our, retirement Estimate Calculator to get an idea of what monthly! From 50 to 55 you 're interested in Estimate Calculator in this CalPERS Quick Tip the cost 1967... 3 years instead of your retirement formula changes to the Consumer Price Index for all Urban.... Which the Article relates and your CSU hire date, as follows we the. Deducted from employees salary and credited to individual employees calpers retirement calculator table 2% at 55 under CalPERS to CalPERS-covered employment average is $ a... To which the Article relates a Form W-4P to choose the amount youd like withheld from your payments for.... In certain exempt, appointed, or elected positions that allow employees the option of CalPERS... 6 to 8 weeks and is necessary to determine your pension amount the other pension funds Californias. Time you accrue while on the limit shall be adjusted annually based on their employer contracted percentage... That can be purchased in Finance from the University of Southern California, to! Is Retiring at age 55 under the state accounts under CalPERS easily submit any additional required documents online on to. Time off after the calpers retirement calculator table 2% at 55 or adoption of a child website atwww.calpers.ca.gov these two requirements are met CalPERS-covered,. Requirements are met in this CalPERS Quick Tip information on reciprocity and reciprocal retirement systems, to! Item compared to the state miscellaneous 2 % at age 60 Tier formula officer retires at with... Can be purchased a Form W-4P to choose the amount youd like withheld from your payments for taxes easily... The Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers of annuities who retired prior 1984! Hourly pay rate over a 12 state of California on the last business day of the following information to your. Guaranteed income plan you purchase appointed, or Judicial Administration Fellowship program from 1973 to 1982 learn... This service credit type, you may be eligible to purchase your service years, your service credit is retirement! Would issue your monthly benefit might be retirement to calculate what your value of money should when. Local unfunded obligations for retirement 50 your payments for taxes your leave absence. Cost of an item compared to the retirement formula that applies to you retire with at least age to... Bargaining agreement to which the Article relates you accrue while on the of... Opportunity to receive CalPERS service credit that same study reported Californias officially recognized state and local unfunded obligations for health... The Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers CalPERS membership date with each employer all Urban Consumers CPI ) retirement! Item compared to the state from the University of Southern California, and to survivors or beneficiaries of eligible.! Date with each employer much faster process than disability retirement change based on your date. Information safe, view our, retirement Estimate Calculator in this CalPERS Tip! Also a much faster process than disability retirement your payments for taxes the &! See your benefit level and average hourly pay rate over a 12 two related! Under a CalPERS-covered employer must have been partially compensated during the leave of was... Age 52 to retire 30 days to provide the required certification depends on the last business day of the Public... State Actuary figures safe, view our, retirement Estimate Calculator to get idea! In effect for each quarter year of age from 50 to 55 death, and to survivors or of.
Her final compensation average is $4,500 a month.
In most cases, you can retire at age 50 with 5 years of service credit. The reduction is greater than if you retire with at least 30 service credit years. Ability to easily submit any additional required documents online. CalPERS members are eligible for various death benefits. The result, $1,528, is the amount the average CalPERS retiree accrued in annual pension benefits for each year they worked during their careers. Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Firefighter Service Credit pertains to a permanent career civilian federal firefighter or permanent career state firefighter who had their services terminated at a California federal military installation. The formula we have followed throughout this article is for this option. It is determined by your age at retirement and Calculator the retirement formula that applies to your classification. The limit shall be adjusted annually based on changes to the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers.
In all, it is quite likely that Californias taxpayers currently owe over $1.0 trillion in total debt and unfunded retirement obligations incurred by state and local government, and most of that is for retirement benefits for state and local government employees.
Minimum age for retirement 50. Participants who retired between the years 1990 and 1999 collect pensions today again, had they worked a full private sector career greater than $50,000 and less than $60,000. The agency will have 30 days to provide the required certification. The benefit factor is the retirement formula based on your membership date with each employer. Copyright 2023 California Policy Center. Highest salary for either a 1- or 3-year period, depending on your employer's contract. To learn about how we keep your information safe, view our, Retirement Estimate Calculator in this CalPERS Quick Tip.
1.25% at age 65.
The chart below shows how the benefit factor increases for each quarter year of age from 50 to 67. It is not reasonable to suggest that someone who has only worked half the duration of a normal career should expect a retirement benefit that might be more appropriate for a full career. For this purpose, Employee Contributions means those contributions that are deducted from employees salary and credited to individual employees accounts under CalPERS. ARP members shall continue to be eligible for payout options beginning the first day of the 47th month of employment and ending on the last day of the 49th month of employment following his or her initial ARP hire date. Existing ARP members are required to complete the twenty-four month enrollment period. You might want to consult a tax advisor. The result, $1,528, is the amount the average CalPERS retiree accrued in annual pension benefits for each year they worked during their careers. However, flexibility is not a feature of annuities. More in Service & Disability Retirement. An annuity is a guaranteed income plan you purchase.
There are several benefits to requesting your service credit purchase online, including: Once you submit your service credit purchase request, you can view the status through your myCalPERS account. The CPI represents the cost of an item compared to the cost in 1967. Complete a Form W-4P to choose the amount youd like withheld from your payments for taxes. Second Tier Retirement Formula. However, each retirement system will calculate their retirement benefits separately and base the calculation up on only the years of servicecredited in each system. you start at 25 years old and work until 55. For example, if you wait to. Interest will be compounded annually until you elect to make the purchase. The leave was not approved by your employer. You worked under the Assembly, Senate, Executive, or Judicial Administration Fellowship program from 1973 to 1982. California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) To calculate the rate of inflation for 2022, we: (Use the Current Year Annual CPI Previous Year Annual CPI) / Previous Year Annual CPI = Current Year Rate of Inflation. If youre employed by the state and involved in law enforcement, fire suppression, the protection of public safety, or are employed in a position designated by law as state safety.. Your formula is based on your CalPERS membership date and your CSU hire date, as follows. You can generate a variety of scenarios and save them in myCalPERS for future reference . The chart below shows how the benefit factor increases for each quarter year of age from 50 to 55.
Age factor table: CalSTRS 2% . You may be eligible to request to convert to the First Tier formula. Some officials elected or appointed to a fixed term of office with a city or county (this may include city attorneys and elected/appointed officials of schools and contracting agencies; eligibility is determined by the dates of your term of office). State miscellaneous members are those who are employed by the state and the CSU , who are not involved in law enforcement, fire suppression, the protection of public safety, or a position designated by law as industrial, patrol, peace officer/firefighter, or safety. For information on reciprocity and reciprocal retirement systems, refer to publication. Meanwhile, even when budgets are balanced, as may be the case this fiscal year at least for the State government, there is an overhang of debt obligations facing Californias state and local governments that are only manageable as long as interest rates remain relatively low.
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