pycnogenol benefits dr axe

For poor circulation: 45360 milligrams daily or 50100 milligrams three times daily. Eliminate blood clots. Abdominal pain was by far the most . Results showed that one month of Pycnogenol led to a significant reduction of hyperactivity with improvement in attention and visual-motor coordination and concentration, as compared to no positive effects in the placebo group. The combination of L-arginine and Pycnogenol may help in erectile dysfunction by boosting nitric oxide, which potentially could improve blood flow in men [66]. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Pycnogenol is the registered trademark name for a French formula. Some research suggests that procyanidins may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, it can also be used topically. $109.99. A study with four groups of 30 patients each were studied: (1) systemic Pycnogenol and local application; (2) local Pycnogenol only; (3) oral Pycnogenol and (4) medications only (control). These benefits appeared to persist for some time even after stopping supplementation [72]. (7). Add to Cart. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study, 50 patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) were treated with either L-arginine plus Pycnogenol or placebo for a month. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Perimenopausal women who took pine bark extract for eight weeks noticed decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In one trial of 77 people with type 2 diabetes, pycnogenol (100 mg/day) for 12 weeks lowered both blood sugar levels and HbA1c, a marker of long-term blood glucose levels [31]. Its likely that muscle recovery time improved as well due to the high antioxidants pine bark extract contains. For people who have symptoms that are more severe, traditional medicine is probably more effective. Pycnogenol (100 mg/day) supplementation may decrease symptoms of the common cold and speed up recovery, according to a clinical trial of 146 people. Mental function. According to a Japanese study, the combination of Pycnogenolt and L-arginine may produce the results youre looking for, making the bedroom a much happier place. DOI: Marini A, et al. Note that each number in parentheses [1, 2, 3, etc.] Pycnogenol may stimulate the immune system. Studies have also safely used Pycnogenol in children and during pregnancy. Side effects. PQQ Supplements: Overview, Benefits, and Side Effects - Healthline Four hundred years later, a French researcher named Jacques Masquelier did some studies to understand why this natural remedy was so effective. 10 Day Erection Delay Sex Pills. A combination supplement (pycnogenol with collagen, coenzyme Q10, and other ingredients) reduced skin aging, elasticity, hydration, and tonicity in a study of 30 women [65]. A number of clinical trials suggest that Pycnogenol may lower blood glucose if taken daily for at least 12 weeks. 4 Items . Pycnogenol is similar to grape seed extract and cocoa polyphenols as those are the three most common . ", Journal of Medicinal Food: "Review on Sustained Relief of Osteoarthritis Symptoms with a Proprietary Extract from Pine Bark, Pycnogenol. Another one of its exemplary effects is helping manage blood pressure levels. This supplement possibly activates the immune system. 40 years of research has been dedicated to establishing the safety of Pycnogenol and its benefits for human health. Interactions. Speak with your doctor before supplementing. A 2021 review in the Arab Journal of Urology listed it first among "promising herbal remedies" for ED. Today's Dietitian: "Pycnogenol Supplement Offers Promise for Managing a Variety of Conditions." (2017). However, these studies appear to be methodologically sound and reliable, with no blatant errors in the study design and data collection. In the Pycnogenol-treated group, blood sugar levels were significantly lowered as compared to those not on Pycnogenol. There were 88 in the control group and 81 in the Pycnogenol group. How to Get Rid of Hemorrhoids (4+ Natural Remedies) - Dr. Axe In another trial, 30 people with type 2 diabetes received a range of pycnogenol doses. Pycnogenol alleviated adverse effects in cancer patients, Pycnogenol improved working memory in older adults, Pycnogenol lowered the use of analgesic drugs in dysmenorrhea (severe menstrual pain), Pycnogenol reduced symptoms in endometriosis comparable to leuprorelin, the standard drug for this condition, Pycnogenol was found to be effective for sun-caused hyperpigmented skin, Pycnogenol reduced the inflammation in lupus patients, Pycnogenol reduced gingival bleeding and plaque formation. However, with the addition of twice-daily Pycnogenol, normal erection increased to 80%, which further increased to 92.5% during the third month on thrice-daily Pycnogenol. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. 1) Encourages Healthy Blood Pressure. 5. Depending on the extraction process and the source Pinus species used (P. radiata or P. pinaster), the exact composition will vary. According to a study of 11 patients with lupus, pycnogenol may reduce symptoms, inflammation, and oxidative stress [54]. According to the National Institutes of Health, its safe for adults to take 50 to 450 milligrams of pine bark extract daily for up to one year. Symptoms of menopausal syndrome, also known as climacteric syndrome, include: hot flashes; chills; headache; and depression. Pycnogenol was featured on The Dr. Oz Show in January 2013, . (5). Possible side effects . No side effects were noted, unlike its synthetic counterpart. Millions are hospitalized each year for . Fundukian, L.J. COPD. It can also stabilize mast cells, which release histamine and trigger allergic reactions. In 22 German heavy smokers, platelet aggregation was prevented by 500 mg of aspirin or 100 mg Pycnogenol. Ac., CYT, 12 Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba (Plus Side Effects & Dosage), Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia): Everything You Need to Know, reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, are within two weeks of a scheduled surgery, medications, herbs, and supplements that affect the blood or clotting. Researchers suggest that it may epigenetically turn off genes responsible for joint damage (ADAMTS) as well as reduce inflammation enzymes (MMP3) and cytokines (IL 1-beta) [47, 48]. Clearer skin, healthier hair there are a lot of claims about the health benefits of biotin. Dr. Eric L. Zielinski is a sought-after natural . It also lessened the amount of asthma medication they needed. (14, 15). Possess Anti-Inflammatory Action. Benefits, Nutrition, Uses & How It Compares vs. Blackberries. Some studies also suggest it can help guard against coronary artery disease and blood clots, per webmd.com. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center web site: "About Herbs: Pine Bark Extract. All Pycnogenol-treated patients responded favorably in contrast to placebo treatment. Studies have found that supplementing with pycnogenol effectively strengthens the blood vessels, stabilizing blood pressure. This includes supporting healthy blood circulation, acting as a natural anti-inflammatory, helping to generate collagen and hyaluronic acid for improved skin health and aiding in the production of endothelial nitric oxide which helps to dilate blood . The study concluded that Pycnogenol can prevent cramps, muscular pain at rest, and pain after/during exercise healthy people or those with diabetes or claudication. In a study of 100 healthy women mostly in their early 40s with mild sexual dysfunction, a combination product with Pycnogenol (Lady Prelox) improved sexual function over 8 weeks [74]. Here are 12 benefits of ginkgo biloba. Also, its important to note that some of these studies were funded by Horphag Research, the original developers and exclusive marketers of Pycnogenol. It decreased concussion symptoms in 42 student-athletes with a history of sports-related concussions after 6 weeks. Pycnogenol: Uses and Risks - WebMD Pycnogenol and Pine Bark Extract Supplements. returned. It also slightly decreased blood pressure and increased testosterone [67]. Sort By. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. 3. This supplement may also increase muscle endurance and performance after a single pre-exercise dose according to a study of 9 cyclists [12, 13]. Jonathan Ritter, PharmD, PhD (Pharmacology), Small molecule antioxidants (phenolic acids, catechin, and taxifolin) are quickly absorbed and begin to act in the body within 30 min, The remaining more complex antioxidants (long chains of procyanidins) reach the gut, where your, The microbiome-produced active compounds appear in blood 6 h later and remain for at least 14 h, Pycnogenol is standardized to contain 70 5% procyanidins, which should be on the label, Pycnogenol standardization doesnt determine other major active compounds, which can vary. Read More: Health Benefits of Peanut Butter. Pycnogenol may have benefits for heart and artery health. When pycnogenol cream was added to oral supplements in a small study of 18 people with vein ulcers, it helped ulcers heal more quickly [26]. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of Pycnogenol for any of the uses listed below. Pycnogenol health benefits. Some people seek to manage ADHD symptoms through an ADHD diet. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. which enables users to obtain detailed information and reports based on their genome. Pycnogenol Health benefits, dosage, safety, side-effects, and more In 7 volunteers, Pycnogenol (300 mg) for 5 days may reduce the activity of a crucial inflammatory gene (NF-B) [53]. Animal studies have found that gotu kola makes it harder . Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. The . Too much pressure signals that your heart might be working too hard. Asthma is caused by inflammation in the lungs, which makes it hard to breathe. In the placebo group, the retinopathy worsened; whereas, in the Pycnogenol-treated group, there was no deterioration. Blood pressure is an important measure of how much blood is pumping from your heart to the rest of your body . Pycnogenol significantly improved the heavy feeling as well as the swelling. These wounds occur most frequently in hospitals or in those with weakened immune systems, such as after surgery. In those treated with Pycnogenol, the edema score was increased by 17.9% versus an increase of 58.3% in the control group. Pine bark extract can be found in liquid, tablet or capsule form containing 85 percent to 90 percent OPCs. Required fields are marked *. The same ingredient can be found in grapeseed oil, the skin of peanuts and witch hazel bark. According to research, Pycnogenol may have a multitude of health benefits, which are likely due to this extracts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Pycnogenol in metabolic syndrome and related disorders [Abstract]. Some of the top lutein-rich foods to include in your diet are dark leafy greens like spinach and kale, broccoli . ", Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database web site: "Pycnogenol.". Sign Up for the Latest Health News and Tips, Home Food and Nutrition Pycnogenol (French Maritime Pine Bark Extract): 12 Benefits According to Studies. Infants and children may not be able to synthesize enough of it, but it is present in many protein-rich . Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins within these fruits can . Its been noted that taking OPCs and vitamin C supplements at the same time could increase blood pressure if you have hypertension. Another highlight of grapes nutrition is the presence of polyphenols, which have been shown to decrease chronic inflammation. There is limited evidence that it could be used in treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Organika Pycnogenol 50mg 50 Tablets . Pycnogenol led to a reduction of muscle cramps from 4.8 a week to 1.3 at week four. Pycnogenol (100 mg/day) may reduce leg swelling, spider veins, and cramps according to a study of 133 women with varicose veins who recently gave birth. Studies have found that when taken along with an inhaler, Pycnogenol can reduce leukotrienes, helping to relieve lung inflammation and limit frequency of inhaler use., Many people develop osteoarthritis as they age. Next, the doctors discuss the link between salt and hypertension, and Dr. Steve gives his insight on drinking red wine for a healthy heart. $31.99. Luckily, the Native Americans told them about a tea prepared from the bark of a certain tree, which miraculously led to complete recovery. A study of 147 people found that pycnogenol (100 mg/day) may improve running, push-ups, and sit-ups endurance in recreational athletes over an 8-week training program. Pycnogenol may help with other conditions as well. Along with the rest of the crew, he developed symptoms of vitamin-C deficiency. Pycnogenol is known under different names in some countries, such as Oligopin, and Flavangenol in Japan [4, 5]. Information is shared for educational purposes only. Commonly called arthritis, osteoarthritis is caused when the cartilage on your joints begins to wear down. So it may not be safe for people with immune disorders, such as: It's not known if pycnogenol is safe for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, luteolin is being researched as a potential complementary treatment for multiple . It had the best results when combined with compression stockings, but worked just as well alone [28]. The specific tree from which the bark is extracted is called a maritime pine. Pycnogenol supplementation reduced skin redness from UV rays in a trial of 21 people over 8 weeks. In another study, Pycnogenol increased glutathione levels and total antioxidants after a month in children with ADHD [42, 43]. The extract has been widely studied for the past 40 . In a study of 50 overweight people, a combination product (Pycnogenol, Madeglucyl, and starches called Glucaffect) reduced weight, BMI, blood glucose, and HbA1C after 8 weeks [30]. Rare cases of liver disease. Learn more about how to get even skin tone. Theres evidence that Pycnogenol may be a promising nootropic for various groups of people, including middle-aged professionals, students, and people with mild cognitive decline like brain fog. painful urination. However, this was a relatively small study, so larger ones are needed to fully understand pine bark extracts role in these findings. 1 Anti-Aging Beverage, Daniel Fast: Benefits for Your Spiritual, Emotional and Physical Health, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, What Is a Marionberry? A high number signals high blood pressure. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. Organika Pycnogenol 50mg 100 Tablets. Health Benefits of L-Arginine - WebMD The supplement significantly reduced hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, irregular periods, loss of libido, and vaginal dryness. From diabetes and sexual function to sports performance and beautiful skin, pine bark extract may be worth exploring to provide results youre looking to achieve. Some risks associated with Pycnogenol include:, Pycnogenol and other maritime tree barks have not been studied as extensively as traditional medicine. The study suggests it may increase desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and reduce pain [70]. Pycnogenol also potentially improved cognitive function in 78 people with mild cognitive impairment. But a month after pycnogenol was stopped, the symptoms came back, suggesting that it may need to be used regularly to achieve the benefits [41]. It can also be used for local application on the skin without the risk of side effects. If you are thinking of taking Pycnogenol for a serious health condition like asthma or high blood pressure, check with your doctor., People who have autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis or lupus should talk to their doctor before trying Pycnogenol. from the bark of the French maritime pine tree. Learn more. The study provided clear evidence that Pycnogenol does, indeed, offer photoprotection however, it came out even better than expected, showing that it may be used to reduce hyperpigmentation of human skin while improving the skin barrier function and extracellular matrix homeostasis. (6). During the first month on L-arginine, only five percent of patients experienced normal erection. Pycnogenol accelerates wound healing and reduces scar formation [Abstract]. If you take any medications regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using pycnogenol supplements. Frustrated by the lack of good information and tools, Joe decided to embark on a learning journey to decode his DNA and track his biomarkers in search of better health. For example, Enzogenol is an extract from a pine that grows in California and Mexico (Pinus radiata) that may have cognitive-enhancing effects. Buying Effective Supplements for ED - Verywell Health Pycnogenol has not been found to cause these issues however, it may take a little longer the feel the relief from pain than aspirin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 60 patients aged six to 18 years old, was conducted over three months during which patients were randomly assigned to receive either Pycnogenol or placebo. The effect of polyphenolic extract from pine bark, Pycnogenol on the level of glutathione in children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [Abstract]. Posted on Thursday, August 14, 2014 The majority of this article is information obtained from the book "All About DIM" by Michael A. Zeligs, MD and A. Scott Connelly, MD. More specifically, because it strengthens the capillaries in the retina, Mirtogenol can help prevent retinopathy. In patients with chronic venous insufficiency, the number of muscle cramps decreased from 6.3 to 2.6; in athletes from 8.6 to 2.4. Therefore, those who have autoimmune conditions could see their symptoms increase after taking it., Since Pycnogenol is used for so many conditions, doses can vary. Because of its anti-inflammatory effects, nattokinase has been used to help with pain from arthritis, including that of rheumatoid arthritis. Research suggests that taking pycnogenol improves mental function and memory in both young adults and the elderly. Research indicates that Pycnogenol provides an increase in survival performance of train athletes. The 2012 study on the anti-aging benefits of Pycnogenol is commonly-cited by anti-aging supplement manufacturers. 5) Vein Diseases and Swelling. Pycnogenol (200 mg/day) may reduce muscle cramps and pain according to a study of 66 healthy people, athletes, and those with venous problems after 4 weeks. The combination of Panax ginseng and vitamin E also appears to have an effect. The goal of one study was to evaluate whether or not Pycnogenol could prevent edema (fluid build-up) during long-haul flights in healthy people. According to a meta-analysis of 9 trials including 549 people, 150-200 mg/day for at least 12 weeks may reduce both diastolic and systolic blood pressure [36]. The New Pycnogenol Benefits | Dr. Steven Lamm - YouTube Pycnogenol has given indications that it might be able to benefit heart and artery health, to include reducing high blood pressure. In another good study, 48 patients with diabetes and high blood pressure on ACE inhibitors were randomized to receive either Pycnogenol 125 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. , Allergy: "Leukotriene E4 plasma levels in adult asthmatic patients with variable disease severity. Pycnogenol Review - Worlds Best Anti-Aging Supplement? Helps Increase Athletic Performance. is a clickable link to peer-reviewed scientific studies. In a good-quality study, 24 adults aged 24 to 53 years old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were given Pycnogenol, placebo, or the standard drug for three weeks. Ana spent years working with patients who suffer from various mental health issues and chronic health problems. In long-haul flights, Pycnogenol could be an effective prevention for blood clots. This bark extract has been around for about 450 years. Grape seed extract may be more beneficial for those who are obese. Additionally, athletes have endured less cramping and muscle pain when using the extract. Vinpocetine is a well-known substance in the health-hacking community with a variety of claimed health benefits. A sitz bath, which involves sitting in warm water for 10 minutes, twice daily, is helpful to patients with anal itching, aching or burning and is known as one of the best ways to get rid of hemorrhoids fast. (2004). Pycnogenol seems well-tolerated for use in adults for up to 6 months. For asthma in children: 1 milligram per pound of body weight given in two divided doses. They include: We need more research to know for sure if pycnogenol helps treat these conditions. In the study, the placebo group had higher IgE antibodies to the birch allergen than those who took Pycnogenol during the allergy season [17]. . Eighty-six patients were treated either with Pycnogenol at 150 mg or 300 mg daily or the drugs diosmin and hesperidin (Daflon)at 1,000 mg daily for two months. Why Pycnogenol May Be the Only Supplement You'll Ever Need Moreover, Pycnogenol treatment led to an increase in sperm count and testosterone levels with lowering of blood pressure and cholesterol levels. 5) Inflammation and Allergies. Pycnogenol is a natural plant extract originating from the bark of the maritime pine that grows along the coast of southwest France and is found to contain a unique combination of procyanidins . In another study, 61 children with ADHD were given one mg per kg/day of Pycnogenol or placebo over four weeks. In one study, 200 mg a day of Pycnogenol taken three hours prior to the first cigarette for the day for two months significantly reduced cigarette-induced platelet aggregation. L-arginine is more effective when paired with L-citrulline or pycnogenol to combat erectile dysfunction and improve exercise performance. Research into Pycnogenol has revealed some promising results in over 30 health conditions. Top 10 Health Benefits of Nattokinase - Earth Clinic Pine bark extract can help reduce muscle soreness and may help improve conditions relating to poor circulation, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, diabetes, ADHD, female reproductive issues, skin, erectile dysfunction, eye disease and sports stamina. However, healthy people are not immune and can also develop mild infections, in particular after being in improperly chlorinated hot tubs or swimming pools. Pycnogenol treatment lowered the ACE-inhibitor dose required to control blood pressure, and lowered fasting glucose levels as well. The flesh of the grape contains approximately 1/20th-1/100th of the total antioxidant capacity of the seed or the skin. In the study, it reduced cold symptoms and complications, the number of lost working days, and the use of over-the-counter medications compared to those who did not supplement with the extract [60]. Here are the many health benefits believed to be possible with Pycnogenol: Now lets dive into the first condition it could help treat. (2006). DOI: Luzzi R, et al. 8 Proven Benefits of Pine Bark Extract - Healthy Focus (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Heart Palpitations at Night: Common Causes and How to Treat, Essential Oils for Cough, Cold and Congestion, Sudden High Blood Pressure: Causes, Symptoms and Prevention Tips, Sore Throat on One Side: 7 Causes and Treatments, Natural Remedies for the Burning Sensation in Your Stomach After Eating, Hibiscus Tea: Health Benefits, Nutrition, Side Effects, and Recipes, Vegetable Oil Substitutes: 5 Healthy Alternatives for Baking, Frying, and More, How to Treat Nausea After Eating Eggs or Chicken, Diarrhea after Eating: Causes and Natural Treatments, Top 11 Homeopathic Remedies for High Blood Pressure, Heavy Breathing: Common Causes and Treatments, Pineapple Juice for Cough: Effective Homemade Cough Remedies, Pain in the Left Temple of the Head: 10 Causes and Treatments. Can you get pycnogenol naturally from foods? In some people lung inflammation is caused by leukotrienes chemicals that are released by the body after a person encounters allergens. Pycnogenol was gradually increased to 120 mg/day over this time period, while the l-arginine was maintained at 1.7 g/day throughout. Theres some evidence that Pycnogenol acts similar to a sustained-release formulation. Placebo capsules were given to control subjects at the same times. Staves Off Infections. Pycnogenol (100 mg/day) may reduce leg swelling, spider veins, and cramps according to a study of 133 women with varicose veins who recently gave birth. Pycnogenol is the leading ingredient in Isotonix OPC-3, Market America's best-. The effects of the pine bark extract showed significant lower levels of blood glucose and improved endothelial function when compared to placebo, concluding that supplementation of Pycnogenol for treating conventional diabetes may be beneficial. New studies show Pycnogenol can prevent or reverse the oxidative damage that produces blood vessel disease 4, metabolic syndrome 20, diabetes 20,24, and neurodegenerative disorders 23,24. Potential for allergy when taken orally or used on the skin. In the study, women taking Pycnogenol were more satisfied and compliant to the regimen [24]. Study participants took pine bark extract as a supplement, and it was found to be most effective in women who started out with dry skin. Lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease. One study involved a four-week treatment period followed by one week of no treatment or observation period. Remember to speak with a doctor before taking Pycnogenol. Regardless, a natural option is available and far worth the wait. 12 Benefits of Pycnogenol (Pine Bark Extract) According to Studies Erectile dysfunction has increased over the past decade or two, creating a pathway for various medications to land on the shelves of numerous medicine cabinets. More research is needed to see how this supplement affects all of these conditions. Although these may still be high quality, the active compounds are more likely to vary. Helps maintain high vitamin C and E blood levels for their antioxidant effects. For most people, pine bark extract doesn't cause any side effects. One study found that Pycnogenol may reduce the activity of the inflammatory enzymes COX1 and COX2, similar to how NSAID drugs work. This ensures that there is a healthy flow of blood to and from the heart. Blood pressure is an important measure of how much blood is pumping from your heart to the rest of your body. Pycnogenol: Skin, ADHD, Other Uses, Side Effects - Healthline In 19 smokers, increased platelet aggregation was more significantly reduced by 200 mg than either 10 mg or 100 mg of Pycnogenol. What gives pine bark extract its notoriety as a powerful ingredient and super antioxidant is that its loaded with oligomeric proanthocyanidin compounds, OPCs for short. 2. But, as you know, going for the natural approach can make a huge difference in overall health. Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract's 4 basic properties. Who doesnt want amazing skin? For diseases of the retina, including those related to diabetes: 50 milligrams three times daily. Pycnogenol lowered leukotrienes as well. Typical doses range from 50 milligrams to 450 milligrams per day. 4. The effects of the pine bark extract showed significant lower levels of blood glucose and improved endothelial function when compared to placebo, concluding that supplementation of Pycnogenol for . A good-quality study was conducted in 77 diabetic patients who received their standard antidiabetic treatment along with 100 mg Pycnogenol a day or placebo for 12 weeks. For that reason, you should be careful taking pine bark if you have hypertension or diabetes. ( 4) Thus, this powerful extract works as a natural ear infection remedy while improving balance and preventing hearing loss.

How Much Snow Did Des Moines Ia Get Yesterday, Ontrac Stealing Packages, Articles P