Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. MCWHORTER: It's a matter of fashion, pure and simple. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. VEDANTAM: I want to talk in the second half of our conversation about why the meanings of words change, but I want to start by talking about how they change. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. Because it was. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and But if he just bumped into the table, and it happened to fall off the table and break, and it was an accident, then you might be more likely to say, the flute broke, or the flute broke itself, or it so happened to Sam that the flute broke. What do you do for christmas with your family? BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). So to go back to the example we were just talking about - people who don't use words like left and right - when I gave those picture stories to Kuuk Thaayorre speakers, who use north, south, east and west, they organized the cards from east to west. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts 51 min You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Social Sciences Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Aug 2, 2021 You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Play 51 min playlist_add Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the. A free podcast app for iPhone and Android, Download episodes while on WiFi to listen without using mobile data, Stream podcast episodes without waiting for a download, Queue episodes to create a personal continuous playlist, Web embed players designed to convert visitors to listeners in the RadioPublic apps for iPhone and Android, Capture listener activity with affinity scores, Measure your promotional campaigns and integrate with Google and Facebook analytics, Deliver timely Calls To Action, including email acquistion for your mailing list, Share exactly the right moment in an episode via text, email, and social media, Tip and transfer funds directly to podcastsers, Earn money for qualified plays in the RadioPublic apps with Paid Listens. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. John, you've noted that humans have been using language for a very long time, but for most of that time language has been about talking. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #5: (Speaking foreign language). UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). And so language changed just like the clouds in the sky. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. 00:51:58 - We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. So in English, I might say that Sam (ph) broke the flute. Those sorts things tend to start with women. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Accuracy and availability may vary. VEDANTAM: One of the points you make in the book of course is that the evolution of words and their meanings is what gives us this flowering of hundreds or thousands of languages. Time now for "My Unsung Hero," our series from the team at Hidden Brain telling the stories of . This week on Hidden Brain, psychologist Adam Grant describes the magic th How does that sound now? VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. Each generation hears things and interprets things slightly differently from the previous one. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. Whats going on here? There are different ways to be a psychologist. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Shelly. We use a lot of music on the show! In this month's Radio Replay, we ask whether the structure of the languages we speak can change the way we see the world. It turns out, as you point out, that in common usage, literally literally means the opposite of literally. So the question for us has been, how do we build these ideas? VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. But they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. You can't smell or taste time. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. So for example, for English speakers - people who read from left to right - time tends to flow from left to right. Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, by Tyler Okimoto, Michael Wenzel and Kyli Hedrick, European Journal of Social Psychology, 2013. And a girl goes in this pile. MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. Newsletter: This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes . This week, in the final . And we teach them, for example, to say that bridges and apples and all kinds of other things have the same prefix as women. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: (Speaking foreign language). But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. In The Air We Breathe . GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. You-uh (ph). The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators and The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, by Neil Rackham and John Carlisle, Journal of European Industrial Training, 1978. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. There's a lowlier part of our nature that grammar allows us to vent in the absence of other ways to do it that have not been available for some decades for a lot of us. Later things are on the right. podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9rd1djMGxoZg==, open.spotify.com/show/20Gf4IAauFrfj7RBkjcWxh. I'm Shankar Vedantam. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? VEDANTAM: John McWhorter, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. I just don't want to do it. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. Hidden Brain. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. You know, endings are going to tend to drop off. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. There's a way of speaking right. These relationships can help you feel cared for and connected. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more elusive the harder we chase it, and what we can do instead to build a lasting sense of contentment. Look at it. This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. They shape our place in it. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. You can't touch time. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. You may link to our content and copy and paste episode descriptions and Additional Resources into your invitations. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. al, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2008. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, What Makes Lawyers Happy? Please note that your continued use of the RadioPublic services following the posting of such changes will be deemed an acceptance of this update. We convince a colleague to take a different tactic at work. And that is an example of a simple feature of language - number words - acting as a transformative stepping stone to a whole domain of knowledge. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. And all of a sudden, I noticed that there was a new window that had popped up in my mind, and it was like a little bird's-eye view of the landscape that I was walking through, and I was a little red dot that was moving across the landscape. It can be almost counterintuitive to listen to how much giggling and laughing you do in ordinary - actually rather plain exchanges with people. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. You can support Hidden Brain indirectly by giving to your local NPR station, or you can provide direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. I'm . But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. Today's episode was the first in our You 2.0 series, which runs all this month. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. Hidden Brain: The NPR Archive : NPR - NPR.org BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. Google Podcasts - hidden brain I had this cool experience when I was there. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. It's as if you saw a person - I'm not going to say at 4 because then the person is growing up, and if I use that analogy then it seems like I'm saying that language grows up or it moves toward something or it develops. She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. All of these are very subjective things. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? I'm Shankar Vedantam. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. It's inherent. Official Website Airs on: SUN 7pm-8pm 55:27 Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Feb 27 Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. It's just how I feel. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. BORODITSKY: And Russian is a language that has grammatical gender, and different days of the week have different genders for some reason. MCWHORTER: Those are called contronyms, and literally has become a new contronym. He says that buying into false beliefs, in other words, deluding ourselves can . Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. Of course, you also can't experience anything outside of time. We lobby a neighbor to vote for our favored political candidate. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. You can't know, but you can certainly know that if could listen to people 50 years from now, they'd sound odd. So you might say, there's an ant on your northwest leg. We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. Shankar Vedantam, host of the popular podcast "Hidden Brain" has been reporting on human behavior for decades. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. And it irritates people, but there's a different way of seeing literally. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. Learn more. It should just be, here is the natural way, then there's some things that you're supposed to do in public because that's the way it is, whether it's fair or not. It should be thought of as fun. And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. Each language comprises the ideas that have been worked out in a culture over thousands of generations, and that is an incredible amount of cultural heritage and complexity of thought that disappears whenever a language dies. MCWHORTER: Yes, that's exactly true. But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #3: (Speaking foreign language). Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. L. Gable, et. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. So I think it's an incredible tragedy that we're losing all of this linguistic diversity, all of this cultural diversity because it is human heritage. We'd say, oh, well, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales or whatever. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. So you have speakers of two different languages look at the same event and come away with different memories of what happened because of the structure of their languages and the way they would normally describe them. We call this language Gumbuzi. I'm Shankar Vedantam. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. In this episode, we explore how long-term relationships have changed over time and whether we might be able to improve marriage by asking less of it. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. See you next week. Now, in a lot of languages, you can't say that because unless you were crazy, and you went out looking to break your arm, and you succeeded - right? And they have correlated this with gender features in the language, just like the ones you were talking about. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. Imagine this. Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. Who Do You Want To Be? | Hidden Brain Media In a lot of languages, there isn't. What do you think the implications are - if you buy the idea that languages are a very specific and unique way of seeing the world, of perceiving reality, what are the implications of so many languages disappearing during our time? VEDANTAM: As someone who spends a lot of his time listening to language evolve, John hears a lot of slang. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? I'm Shankar Vedanta. And very competent adults of our culture can't do that. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. This is a database with millions of art images. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. All rights reserved. And dead languages never change, and some of us might prefer those. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. So some languages don't have number words. That's the way words are, too. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. And when I listen to people having their peeves, I don't think, stop it. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. And if you don't have a word for exactly seven, it actually becomes very, very hard to keep track of exactly seven. Could this affect the way, you know, sexism, conscious or unconscious, operates in our world? How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. BORODITSKY: Yeah. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you, realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to, eat. So I think that nobody would say that they don't think language should change. VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. You 2.0: How to Open Your Mind | Hidden Brain Media The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. And so for example, if the word chair is masculine in your language, why is that? FAQ | Hidden Brain Media But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? VEDANTAM: Languages seem to have different ways of communicating agency. But actually, it's something that's not so hard to learn. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Hidden Brain Feb 23, 2023 Happiness 2.0: Surprising Sources of Joy Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. In the final episode of our Relationships 2.0 series, psychologistHarry Reis says theres another ingredient to successful relationships thats every bit as important as love. Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. And you can even teach people to have a little bit of fun with the artifice. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. It has to do with the word momentarily. Listen on the Reuters app. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes VEDANTAM: One of the ultimate messages I took from your work is that, you know, we can choose to have languages that are alive or languages that are dead. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Whats going on here? So when I ask you to, say, imagine a man walking down the street, well, in your imagery, you're going to have some details completed and some will be left out.
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